How to Russia's Luna-25 spacecraft crashes into the Moon

 Russia's recent attempt to land on the Moon, marking its first such effort since 1976, has concluded in disappointment. Approximately ten days after its launch on August 10th, the Luna-25 spacecraft from Russia's state-run space agency, Roscosmos, lost control and collided with the Moon's surface. Initially described as an "abnormal situation," Roscosmos later confirmed the crash, stating that the spacecraft had entered an unpredictable orbit and ultimately ceased to exist due to its collision with the Moon.

Luna-25 was originally intended to reach the Moon's south pole with the purpose of investigating water ice and studying its origins in that region. This research aimed to uncover potential connections between water on the Moon and Earth. The mission also included technology tests and an examination of the moon's regolith (surface soil covering moon rock). The plan involved the spacecraft remaining in lunar orbit for five days before making a touchdown on August 21st. Luna-25 captured various images prior to its crash, including one featuring the Zeeman crater located near the Moon's south pole.

Had the mission been successful, Luna-25 would have achieved the distinction of becoming the first spacecraft to successfully land on the Moon's south pole. However, this achievement might now be claimed by India, whose spacecraft launched on July 14th and is anticipated to touch down on the Moon on August 23rd.

Several nations around the world are actively preparing for their own lunar exploration missions. The United States is currently planning to have humans orbit the Moon by 2024 and subsequently land on it in 2025. Additionally, countries such as China, Japan, Mexico, Canada, and Israel have their own ambitious plans in place to reach the Moon.

Microsoft successfully resolves Windows 11 SSD slowdown issue

 In its latest Patch Tuesday update, Microsoft appears to have resolved the troublesome bug that was causing slowdowns in SSD speeds on certain Windows 11 PCs. This bug was reportedly introduced with the Moment 2 update in March but remained unaddressed in subsequent updates, despite widespread complaints from users on platforms like Reddit and other social media sites.

According to reports from Windows Latest, the issue now appears to have been successfully rectified. Many users who were experiencing slower SSD speeds have reported that their SSDs are now functioning at their optimal speeds following the latest Windows 11 update. Interestingly, the update KB5029263's changelog does not explicitly mention the SSD slowdown fix; instead, it highlights security issue resolutions. As per Microsoft's support page, the update brings "miscellaneous security improvements to internal OS functionality."

However, despite the apparent resolution of the SSD slowdown bug in the August 2023 update, some users are encountering a new issue. They are reporting that the update has caused the new Microsoft Defender app to malfunction, displaying an error message indicating 'Unable to log into Microsoft Defender.' Notably, Microsoft Defender is a new security dashboard app for connected devices, distinct from the regular Windows Security app. There are also reports of the update failing to install on certain systems.

Shifting to other developments in the Windows 11 ecosystem, Microsoft seems to be working towards making it easier for users to uninstall more built-in apps from their Windows computers. A recent changelog for the Windows 11 Insider Preview Build 25931 (Canary Channel) reveals that the Photos app, People app, and Remote Desktop (MSTSC) client can now be uninstalled, in addition to the Camera app and the recently-deprecated Cortana. Although these apps may not heavily impact system resources, their removal option is a positive step for users who find them unnecessary.

This move comes shortly after Microsoft's announcement that it will cease support for Cortana on Windows, starting this month. However, Cortana will continue to be available in Outlook mobile, Teams mobile, Teams display, and Teams rooms. The decision to phase out Cortana on Windows 11 follows previous statements from Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella, who characterized the virtual assistant as "dumb as a rock." Microsoft had already discontinued Cortana's support on Android and iOS in 2021 and significantly scaled down its presence on Windows 10 in 2019.

iPhone 15 release date or price

 Anticipate the unveiling of the iPhone 15 and iPhone 15 Pro around September 2023, assuming Apple adheres to its customary iPhone launch timetable. As per the recent report on 9to5Mac, a potential date for the iPhone 15 event could be Wednesday, September 13.

Traditionally, Apple's events have been scheduled for Tuesdays, but the iPhone 14 event of the previous year occurred on September 7, a Wednesday. Thus, September 13 could align with this pattern. If the September 13 announcement holds true, preorders are likely to commence on September 15, followed by the public release of the new phones on September 22. This timetable closely mirrors that of the previous year, when iPhone 14 preorders opened on September 9, leading to a full release on September 16.

While the pricing for new iPhone models has generally remained consistent over the years, the iPhone 15 might introduce some changes.

According to a recent report from the Chinese outlet Economic Daily News, there is speculation that the entire iPhone 15 lineup could witness a price hike ranging from 10% to 20%. In the case of the standard iPhone 15, this would translate to a starting price of $899 instead of $799. However, considering the potential upgrades it may offer this year, this price adjustment could be reasonable. Conversely, for the iPhone 15 Pro variants, the starting price might rise from $999 to around $1,100 or $1,200 for the base storage model. The iPhone 15 Pro Max could potentially launch at $1,300, with the 1TB variant potentially costing as much as $1,800. This potential increase in pricing could be attributed to elevated manufacturing expenses and inflation.

If Apple does indeed introduce an iPhone 15 Ultra, speculation from past rumors suggests a starting price of approximately $1,300.

It is worth noting that last year, there were compelling yet ultimately inaccurate rumors suggesting a $100 price increase for the iPhone 14 Pro. This highlights the importance of approaching the potential price increase for the iPhone 15 lineup, particularly the Pro models, with a degree of caution.

Considering the prospect of higher prices for the iPhone 15 range, you might be contemplating whether to opt for an iPhone 14 model rather than an iPhone 15 or iPhone 15 Pro. In such a scenario, it would be prudent to consult our guide, which compares each existing iPhone 14 model with the anticipated features of the upcoming iPhone 15 models. Rest assured, the iPhone 14 lineup maintains its commendable quality, and if you are content with a device from the prior generation, selecting an iPhone 14 could lead to cost savings.

iPhone 15 camera features full review

Regarding the camera aspect, the available information indicates that Apple has been developing periscope lens technology, a feature that might be exclusive to the larger iPhone 15 Pro Max variant. The standard iPhone 15 model is expected to retain its dual-camera setup, with the lidar functionality remaining limited to the Pro models.

Incorporating a periscope lens could enable optical zoom capabilities beyond the current offerings, potentially reaching 5x or 10x optical zoom. The existing iPhone 14 Pro and iPhone 14 Pro Max models offer up to 3x optical zoom, making the inclusion of a periscope lens a significant enhancement. However, it seems likely that this innovation might be reserved for the larger iPhone 15 Pro Max.

For those interested in obtaining the periscope lens feature on a non-Pro Max iPhone without the additional expense of the iPhone 15 Pro Max, it appears that the wait might extend to the iPhone 16 series next year. Insider insights from Ming-Chi Kuo suggest that the periscope lens could potentially debut with the iPhone 16 Pro Max and iPhone 16 Pro models.

Earlier reports had hinted at the possibility of the iPhone 15 featuring an 8P camera, referring to the number of lens elements. Theoretically, an extra element could contribute to reducing image distortion in the final output. However, according to analyst Ming-Chi Kuo, this particular advancement doesn't seem to be materializing for the iPhone 15, at least not in this iteration.

A rendering from 9to5Mac illustrating the anticipated appearance of the iPhone 15 Pro reveals a substantial camera bump. This is unsurprising due to the larger camera sensors and the potential inclusion of a periscope lens for the iPhone 15 Pro Max. The camera bump's dimensions appear nearly as substantial as the phone itself.

Comparatively, the most recent CAD renderings from 9to5Mac suggest a slightly slimmer camera bump, potentially alleviating concerns about its thickness. Nevertheless, it is likely that only the iPhone 15 Pro Max will feature the periscope zoom lens due to the slightly bulkier camera bump on that specific model.

An additional point to consider is the potential rearrangement of the camera setup for the iPhone 15 Pro Max. A leaked tweet from Unknownz21 suggests that the ultrawide and telephoto lenses might switch positions to accommodate the space requirements for the periscope lens. While this shift might not significantly impact camera performance, it could result in a noticeable aesthetic alteration.

4k video downloader for windows overview or download

4K Video Downloader is a no-cost application that transforms content into video, audio, and image formats. Users can acquire desired downloads to their devices by simply copying and pasting links into the software. These files can be personalized and fine-tuned to match the chosen mediums, encompassing options for download, resolution quality, format, and the inclusion of video subtitles.

 Securely acquire and transform content

Opting for alternative websites that don't necessitate software downloads to convert videos carries the risk of encountering intrusive pop-up advertisements and potentially engaging in illegal activities. 4K Video Downloader provides users with a safeguarded, ad-free environment for converting individual videos or entire playlists into virus-free files. For those seeking to efficiently process multiple videos within a concise timeframe, 4K Video Downloader stands as a dependable choice.

While YTD Video Downloader presents an alternative for video downloads, it's important to note that only the paid version allows simultaneous downloading of multiple videos, and the software exclusively caters to Microsoft Windows operating systems. The free version of 4K Video Downloader, on the other hand, offers the capability to handle multiple video downloads concurrently, enhancing its practicality when compared to YTD Video Downloader.

The free iteration of 4K Downloader provides an array of options for downloading videos from a diverse range of websites and platforms, including Dailymotion, Facebook, Flickr, MetaCafe, Soundcloud, Tumblr, Twitch, Vimeo, VEVO, Vine, and YouTube. Furthermore, the free video downloader is equipped to capture streaming content from gaming platforms like Twitch and YouTube Gaming.

4K Video Downloader also facilitates the conversion of 3D videos into compatible files for various devices. Users can activate the 3D feature by selecting the designated icon within the formats menu. Additionally, 4K videos can be downloaded to interact seamlessly with 360-degree content, enabling users to explore panoramic and all-encompassing views by simply maneuvering the mouse over desired areas of the video.

Accessible on Apple macOS, Microsoft Windows, and Ubuntu operating systems, 4K Video Downloader can be conveniently downloaded. Users have the flexibility to transfer their converted and downloaded files to an array of devices, including iPhone, iPad, Android, Galaxy Edge, and HD TV. Additionally, video and audio files can be seamlessly transferred directly into iTunes for further convenience.

A secure and user-intuitive downloading tool

The 4K Video Downloader provides users with the option of a paid version, which permits the downloading of playlists containing over 24 videos and facilitates subscription to YouTube channels. Alternatively, the free version encompasses a comprehensive range of features, including the capability to download videos, audio, and images from various sources and links. It also boasts advanced functionalities like intricate 3D and 360-degree downloading options, the ability to process multiple files concurrently, and the option to tailor content with subtitled effects, transitions, and music – all within a secure and ad-free environment.

The free video downloader is consistently updated to ensure the sustained appeal and user-friendliness of its innovative platform. These updates are tailored to seamlessly integrate with macOS, Windows, and Ubuntu operating systems.

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Rufs overview and download rufs for pc

 

Rufus emerged in 2011 as a free and open-source utility for creating bootable USB flash drives. Initially conceived by Pete Batard, it replaced the Windows HP USB Disk Storage Format Tool (HUDSFT). Over the years, numerous updates have been introduced, culminating in a more robust and contemporary release in 2020. This version brought notable enhancements, including improved support for ISO images, UEFI booting, and Windows To Go.

What is Rufus?

Rufus serves the purpose of formatting USB flash drives to enable booting on systems with missing or corrupted operating systems (OS). It facilitates the creation of installation files from bootable ISOs, particularly for various OS types such as Linux, UEFI, and Microsoft Windows. The utility is also capable of flashing BIOS or other DOS firmware.

In the past, burning ISO images onto CDs using tools like InfraRecorder or CDBurnerXP was commonplace. However, with technological advancements, Pete Batard recognized the need for a USB installer and decided to develop one as an alternative to proprietary software. The limitations of HUDSFT prompted him to embark on the creation of a free software clone to address these gaps.

Rufus has garnered positive reviews, attributed in part to its consistent updates that ensure the software remains aligned with contemporary demands. This dedication to improvement is among the utility's most noteworthy attributes, contributing to its effectiveness as a bootable USB flash drive solution.

Here’s a brief list of the different versions offering support for the following systems and functions:

1.0.4: FreeDOS

1.1.0: ISO images

1.2.0: Updated support for MS-DOS and FreeDOS

1.3.2: UEFI

1.4.0: Language localization

2.0: Windows To Go

2.18: Compatibility for Windows Vista and XP machines

How can I craft a Rufus bootable drive?

Before embarking on the creation of a Rufus USB installer, several prerequisites must be met. Chief among these is acquiring an ISO file for the desired operating system, such as Windows 7 or 10. When obtaining the ISO through a download, it's crucial to ensure its safety, verifying its absence of malware or viruses.

Once you possess a functional ISO image, you'll require the latest version of Rufus and a USB flash drive. With these essentials in place, insert the external drive into your PC and initiate the Rufus software. The program intuitively detects the presence of a USB, eliminating the need for manual search.

Navigate to the 'Boot selection' dropdown menu and opt for 'Disk or ISO image.' Adjacent to the tab, click 'Select,' which will open Windows Explorer. Here, you'll browse and open your ISO files, allowing Rufus to identify the image intended for burning.

An interesting feature may catch your attention as you click 'Select' – the 'Download' option. The most recent Rufus version provides Windows 8 and 10 files for download in case you encounter difficulties locating them. After your choice, the process continues seamlessly.

Upon selecting 'Standard Windows installation,' Rufus will determine the appropriate Partition Scheme for your machine. You'll need to assign a volume label and decide whether modifications are desired for the default settings of 'Cluster size' and 'File system.' Initiating the process by clicking 'Start' prompts Rufus to begin crafting the USB installer.

During the creation procedure, you might encounter an error message indicating insufficient space on the flash drive. In such instances, acquiring a USB with greater storage capacity is recommended. Additionally, formatting the initial drive to clear any attempted installation files becomes necessary.

Is it possible to operate Windows 10 from a USB drive?

Rufus now offers the capability to directly run Windows 10 from a USB drive through its latest updates. However, it's essential to obtain the necessary license from Microsoft before proceeding to avoid potential legal consequences or copyright infringements. Once you've secured the appropriate licensing, you can insert the flash drive into your computer when you're ready to switch your operating system.

When you initiate your PC, access the boot location settings by either holding down or pressing the designated button combination. Specify the use of the USB flash drive for booting, and this will guide you through the Windows 10 setup process. Be prepared for a slightly slower operation of the OS from the flash drive, as its resources are more limited compared to a PC installation.

Is Rufus capable of generating a multiboot USB?

The developer's stance on the Rufus website indicates that the software was primarily designed for creating single operating system USB installers. The software's creators have also communicated that there are no plans to incorporate multiboot functionality in future updates. However, with some adjustments, this doesn't imply that achieving multiboot capability is impossible.

To create a multiboot USB, you'll require a second, larger flash drive. You can follow the aforementioned steps for crafting a bootable USB using Rufus, then proceed to copy the ISO files to your multiboot drive. After completion, reinsert your Rufus-generated USB, select a different OS, and observe as the software formats the drive for the new operating system. You can conveniently copy the new files into a separate folder on your multiboot drive.

What is the optimal software for crafting a bootable USB?

Among Rufus's leading competitors is UNetbootin. Judging these two programs based on reviews alone, Rufus stands out as the top-ranked USB flash drive utility globally, while UNetbootin holds the ninth spot. This preference stems largely from Rufus's ability to automatically detect your flash drive, mitigating the risk of accidentally formatting your computer's primary hard drive.

Facilitate the creation of a fresh USB operating system installer

While the Rufus procedure might appear intricate initially, practice will make it more manageable. The software can be utilized to create a multiboot setup on a separate drive, offering enhanced speed and greater storage capacity. In scenarios where your PC encounters startup difficulties or the OS becomes corrupted, Rufus proves to be an effective solution for crafting a portable booting system.

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Particles of hazardous chemicals are found in dust samples collected from the International Space Station at levels that exceed the typical average.

 

The International Space Station (ISS) operates as a bustling space outpost where astronauts conduct experiments and move equipment. This activity has raised concerns about potential air pollution within the station due to hazardous chemical particles. While astronaut health remains secure for now, NASA must address this issue for prolonged voyages in deep space.

A recent study, featured in the peer-reviewed Environmental Science & Technology Letters journal, unveils that the air on the ISS contains an elevated level of perilous chemical particles compared to Earth's typical readings. Researchers have identified "Persistent Organic Contaminants" in dust samples gathered from the ISS, shedding light on the pathways through which these contaminants infiltrated the highly successful low Earth-orbit platform.

The study pinpoints a higher concentration of flame-retardant compounds like polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), novel brominated flame retardant (NBFR), and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) in the ISS air. Additionally, heightened levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), stemming from hydrocarbon fuel combustion, have been detected.

The investigation also exposes ISS dust contamination with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a profoundly carcinogenic chemical banned in the US since 1976 by the Toxic Substances Control Act. Elevated quantities of PFAS, PFOA, and other chemicals were also identified, surpassing median values found in residences across the US and several European countries.

The presence of these hazardous chemicals within the ISS prompts the question of how they arrived there. Stuart Harrad, a Professor of Environmental Chemistry at the University of Birmingham and co-author of the study, suggests that many items aboard the ISS are conventional products brought by astronauts. These objects contain organic flame retardants utilized in electrical devices on Earth, leading to their presence in samples returned from the ISS.

Furthermore, the peculiar cleaning practices of ISS inhabitants might contribute to higher chemical concentrations. The space station's vacuum cleaner is frequently employed post-experiments, potentially facilitating the distribution of these chemicals throughout surfaces and the air.

Despite the higher chemical content in ISS samples, Harrad affirms that potential health risks for astronauts remain "within the range" of chemical exposure experienced by the general US population. However, for upcoming Mars and deep space missions, minimizing dangerous contaminants becomes crucial to mitigate heightened health risks for astronauts.